Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Manichaeism, and Zoroastrianism were among the faiths that spread along the route. The Silk Road also led to the exchange of knowledge, culture, religion, and technology between the East and West. From the West, traders brought wool and linen, vessels of bronze and glass, amber, coral, glass beads, coins and bullion, wine, and ambergris. Other commodities that originated in Asia and were traded included spices, ivory, flowers, horses, jewelry, minerals, and men and women with special skills. Goods from China included gold, silver, iron, weapons, porcelain, lacquerware, tea, paper, gunpowder, and medicines from India, slaves, animals, furs, fabrics, woods, jade and other precious stones and from Persia, incense, foodstuffs, dyes, and silver goods. Traders usually traversed only a section of the route, transferring their goods to other caravans at various points along the way, and silk was only one of the commodities traded. At different times the Silk Road was under the control of the Chinese, Turks, and Mongols, and the collapse of the Mongol Empire was also a factor in the route's lessening usage. A.D., when sea routes between Europe and Asia were established, though caravan trade continued along the Silk Road into the 17th cent. Among the modern countries traversed by the various routes are China, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Some of its branches ran into S Asia others ended at Caspian and Black Sea ports. Its starting point was the ancient Chinese capital of Chang'an (modern Xi'an), in N central China the endpoints were a number of cities on the E Mediterranean. Silk Road, ancient overland trade route linking Asia and Europe, consisting of a network of caravan routes running from China across central Asia to the shores of the Mediterranean.
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